CSC 714 Real Time Computer Systems
MAC Protocol Implementation on Atmel AVR
for Underwater Communication
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Underwater acoustic communication is widely used in
many areas to collect the data from different kinds of sensors deployed
underwater or send control information to remote nodes. However, there are
many challenges for underwater communication systems because of the
characteristics of acoustic propagation in the underwater environment, such
as doppler spread, ambient noise, fading, high propagation delay, limited
bandwidth, wave effect and multipath. MAC protocol, as a developed protocol
for Ethernet networks, has been introduced into underwater communication by
many researchers and lots of work has been done on the improvement of MAC
protocol for throughput and energy efficiency purposes. In this project, I
will implement an available MAC protocol to a mini transceiver based on
Atmega168. This mini transceiver is 1.5 x 2.5 inches, which is developed by
Mr. Gregory Parsons, as shown below. It is battery-powered and could transmit
and receive up to four different frequencies. It has switches, a small
display and LEDs. These transceivers communicate underwater using
ultra-sound. Atmega168 employed in this implementation is a high-performance,
low power AVR 8-bit microcontroller, with 1K RAM and 8K ROM. It has 24 MIPS
throughput at 24 MHz. I will port the MAC protocol to such a AVR
microprocessor and use these transceivers to test the implemented protocol.
The purpose for this implementation is to find a reliable protocol that can work better for the transceiver in underwater communication.
1) Survey the existing MAC protocols for underwater
acoustic communication to find a suitable one for this transceiver.
(Completed) 2) Implement the protocol and possible modification.
(Completed) 3) System design and port the protocol to the
transceiver. (Completed) 4) Experimental test in open water.(Completed) Debugging Snapshots
Aloha Outputs MACA Outputs Problem Summary List (more details are included in Project Part
4 below) P2: Starvation P3: Flexible Length Packet Receiving P4: CRC Consideration P5: Hardware Limitation Reports & Slides Program Files source code, batch file, makefile, hex file, etc. Zip File ReadMe--how to compile, download and use the system MAC Protocol http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/lan-pages/mac.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_protocol
ZigBee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee
Atmega168 Datasheet http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets_pdf/A/T/M/E/ATMEGA168.shtml
D. Makhija, P. Kumaraswamy, and R. Roy, "Challenges and Design of Mac Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks", WIOPT'06
Borja Peleato and Milica Stojanovic, "A MAC Protocol for AdHoc Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks", WUWNeT'06
F. Akyildiz, D. Pompili, and T. Melodia, "State-of-the-Art in Protocol Research for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks", WUWNet'06
Yong-kon Lim, Jong-won Park, Hak-lim Ko and A-ra Cho,"A reservation mac protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor network", ISOPE'08
Affan Syed, Wei Ye, Bhaskar Krishnamachari, John
Heidemann. "Understanding Spatio-Temporal Uncertainty in Medium Access
with ALOHA protocols". WUWNeT '07, Sep 2007.
B. Peleato and M. Stojanovic. "A MAC Protocol
for Ad-Hoc Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks". WUWNeT '06, Sep 2006.
D. Makhija, P. Kumaraswamy and R. Roy.
"Challenges and Design of Mac Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor
Networks". WIOPT '06, April 2006.
J.H. Gibson, G.G. Xie, Y. Xiao, and H. Chen.
"Exploring Random Access and Handshaking Techniques in Large-Scale
Underwater Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks". in Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans
Conference 2007, June 2007.
Uichin Lee Luiz Filipe M. Vieira, Jiejun Kong and
Mario Gerla. "Analysis of aloha protocols for underwater acoustic sensor
networks". MobiCom '06,Sep 2006.
Peng Xie, and Jun-Hong Cui. "Exploring Random
Access and Handshaking Techniques in Large-Scale Underwater Wireless Acoustic
Sensor Networks". OCEANS '06, Sep 2006.
Peng Xie, and Jun-Hong Cui. "R-MAC: An
Energy-Effcient MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks". WASA'07,
Aug 2007.
Shiraz Shahabudeen, Mandar Anil Chitre. "Design
of networking protocols for shallow water peer-to-peer acoustic
networks". OCEANS '05, June 2005.
Xiaomei Xu, Feng Tong, Liuhuai Qing, Yi Tao.
"Characterization of Wireless Shallow-water Communication Channel Based
on Gaussian Beam Tracing". WiCOM '06, Sep 2006.
Zhong Zhou, Zheng Peng and Jun-Hong Cui.
"Multi-channel MAC Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor
Networks". WuWNet '08, Sep 2008.
Shaolin Peng speng2@ncsu.edu ------------------------------------------------------- Updated 4-21-2009 |
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